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Bharat Ratna Awards |
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Established: By the President of India, 2
January 1954. The regulations were revised 8 January 1955 (to alter the
design) and amended 26 January 1957 (to alter the depiction of the devices on
the obverse and reverse). From 13 July 1977 to 26 January 1980, awards of the
Bharat Ratna were suspended.
Obverse: A toned bronze pipal leaf design, 2-5/16 inches x 1-7/8
inches, "stem" downwards. (note, however, comments on the original design,
above.) In the center, a platinum sunburst with the name of the decoration in
silver-gilt in Sanskrit/Hindi "Bharat Ratna" (roughly, "Jewel of
India") below. In 1957, the sun and motto were changed to burnished bronze.
Worn around the neck from an oval suspender. Worn around the neck from an oval
suspender.
Reverse: In the center, the state emblem in platinum and the motto in
silver-gilt. In 1957, this was altered to burnished bronze.
Ribbon: 2 inches, white moire.
Awards: To date, there have been thirty-three recipients of the
Bharat Ratna, and many other names have been raised in public discussion.
The provision of Bharat Ratna was introduced in
1954. The first ever Indian to receive this award was the famous scientist,
Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. Since then, many dignitaries, each a whiz in
varied aspects of their career has received this coveted award. In fact, our
present President, Shri A. P. J Abdul Kalam is also a recipient of this
esteemed honour (1997). There is no written provision that Bharat Ratna
should be awarded to Indian citizens only. The award has been awarded to a
naturalized Indian citizen, Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, better known as Mother
Teresa (1980) and to two non-Indians – Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan and
Nelson Mandela (1990). It is also not mandatory that Bharat Ratna
be awarded every year. The last time
Bharat Ratna Award was given in 2001, to Lata Dinanath Mangeshkar
and Ustad Bismillah Khan.
List of Bharat Ratna Award Winners
| Name of Recipients | Year | Name of Recipients | Year |
| C Rajagopalachari (1878-1972) | 1954 | Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975) | 1954 |
| Dr. C.V. Raman (1888-1970) | 1954 | Dr. Bhagwan Das (1869-1958) | 1955 |
| Dr. M. Visvesvaraya (1861-1962) | 1955 | Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964) | 1955 |
| Govind Ballabh Pant (1887-1961) | 1957 | Dr. Dhondo Keshave Karve (1858-1962) | 1958 |
| Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy (1882-1962) | 1961 | Purushottam Das Tandon (1882-1962) | 1961 |
| Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1884-1963) | 1962 | Dr. Zakir Hussain (1897-1969) | 1963 |
| Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane (1880-1972) | 1963 | Lal Bahadur Shastri (1904-1966) (Posthumous)) | 1966 |
| Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) | 1971 | Varahagiri Venkatagiri (V.V. Giri) (1 884-1980) | 1975 |
| Kumaraswami Kamraj (1903-1975) (Posthumous) | 1976 | Mother Teresa (1910-1997) | 1980 |
| Acharya Vinobha Bhave (1895-1982) | 1983 | Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1890-1988) | 1987 |
| Marudu Gopalan Ramachandran (1917-1987) (Posthumous) | 1988 | Dr. Bhim Rao Ramji (B.R) Ambedkar (1891-1956) (Posthumous) | 1990 |
| Dr. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (1918- ) | 1990 | Rajiv Gandhi (1944-1991) (Posthumous) | 1991 |
| Sardar Vallabhai Patel (1875-1950) | 1991 | Morarji Ranchhodji Desai (1869-1995) | 1991 |
| Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888-1958) (Posthumous) | 1992 | Jahangir Ratanji Dadabhai (J.R.D) Tata (1904-1993) | 1992 |
| Satyajit Ray (1922-1992) | 1992 | Aruna Asaf Ali (1909-1996) (Posthumous) | 1997 |
| Gulzari Lal Nanda (1898-1997) (Posthumous) | 1997 | Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (1931-) |
1997 |
| Madurai Shanmukhavadivu (M.S) Subbalakshmi (1916- ) | 1998 | Chidambaram Subramaniam (1910-2000) | 1998 |
| Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan ( 1902-1979) (Posthumous) | 1999 | Professor Amartya Sen (1933- ) | 1999 |
| Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi (1890-1950) (Posthumous) | 1999 | Pandit Ravi Shankar (1920-) | 1999 |
| Lata Mangeshkar (1929- ) | 2001 | Bissmillah Khan (1916- ) | 2001 |
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